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There have been various studies that have been carried out by scientists to find appropriate answers to the medical diseases and the effects of these diseases. These studies are carried out in vivo, in sample animals, or in vitro, in a mixture that represents the metabolic contents of the human. The basics of the human body are the genes and the chromosomes. It becomes very important to study these genes to get an idea of the changes. One such process where the genes can be studied under lab conditions with the use of an artificially created mixture is called in vitro transcription translation. This mixture contains a combination of various enzymes, ribosomes and other important contents.

In vitro transcription translation consists of two steps. In the first step a single strand of DNA is copied with the help of the enzyme RNA polymerase. A DNA contains base sequences; one such is the promoter. Once this sequence is recognized by the RNA enzyme, it binds to it. Then the promoter takes over from the start of the gene sequence and synthesizes the DNA. This continues till there occurs a termination code, which halts this process leading to the formation of mRNA. This entire process of conversion from the initial DNA to mRNA is called transcription and when carried under lab conditions with man made mixtures it forms the first step of the in vitro transcription translation process.

The second process also known as translation starts with the end product of the first process. Here the mRNA which is formed at the end of the first step of in vitro transcription translation on maturing is affected by the presence of ribosomes leading to the synthesizing of the proteins. The tRNA which is the transport RNA plays an important role in the transfer of amino acids from mRNA to ribosome with the effect of codons and anticodons. This leads to the formation of proteins which completes the process of in vitro transcription translation.

The Human genetic structure determination has been very interesting for the scientists and hence there are a lot of researches being carried out on this basis. The Human Genome Project extensively uses methods like in vitro transcription translation in order to determine the mapping and sequencing of the genes. Other than that this is also used in the study and observation of the gene structure to determine the genetic cause and effect of a particular disease or disorder. It is said that if the human genome is entirely constructed the doctors will be able to treat almost 99% of existing diseases and for this methods like in vitro transcription translation play an important role.

There are many more aspects where this method is used in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. This method has evolved with the use of modern technology and if correctly used can be even more effective in its contribution to human sciences.

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